For lack of a better term, humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion. We care about our reputation, as well as our material wellbeing, and our desire for social standing drives us into conflict as much as competition over scarce resources. By Siobhan Kattago Were not naturally political animals like bees or ants, who instinctively cooperate and work together for the common good. nature, good or evil. Are we born good and corrupted by civilization? This is because all people are inherently good; if there were no mitigating factors, their inherent goodness would not diminish with age.What is inherently good?Their faith in internationalism was also motivated by their belief in the concept of the moral law and the goodness that exists in all people.What is the difference between Hobbes and Rousseau?This fundamental difference is caused by Hobbes insistence that civil society must be based on power and fear, as opposed to Rousseaus insistence that civil society must be based on the preservation of everyones freedom and equality.Are humans inherently good or evil Lord of the Flies?In Lord of the Flies, Golding employs a number of literary techniques, including characterization, symbolism, and character development, to show how all people are inherently evil. This is the most important statement God makes about mans nature. 3 Barber, N. (2020). That's why, in a real way, when Adam fell, he . John Colman and Stephen Darwall are two Locke scholars who have argued that Locke's view is neither plagued with tensions nor incoherent. Human nature is the belief that humans have natural instincts or tendencies in relation to the way they think, feel or act. Yet we are malleable creatures that possess both good and bad qualities, so its hard to pinpoint whether humans are indeed evil or not. To come down unequivocally on one side of this debate might seem rather nave, the mark of someone who has failed to grasp the messy reality of the human condition. This makes us all wonder: are we humans inherently evil? question of whether or not letting evil happen is also evil. For example if someone believes that people are good based on experiences they have had within their environment then they will believe people are inherently good.The Inherint Good And Evil Of Humans Philosophy Essay. For centuries many philosophers and scientists as well as everyday individuals have contemplated the meaning of good and evil, they have also pondered the answer to questions like do humans have the ability to be inherently evil. Today, there still is no definite answer but I find myself believing that there is both good and evil in this world. that? We all wonder whether humans possess the ability to be either good or evil. I would like to receive updates from the Institute of Art and Ideas. Delroy Paulhus, a Professor of Psychology at the University of British Columbia says we have a tendency to use the halo or devil framing of individuals we meetwe want to simplify our world into good or bad people. While it is true some people do truly take pleasure in inflicting pain on others or committing immoral acts, most people dont actually enjoy it. We become evil or good based on interaction between the Lord's influence and the choices we makechoices unavailable in the garden before Adam and Eve fell and only made possible because of the Savior's atonement. Is humanity good by nature? The opposite is the contrary. (Paquette, P. & Gini-Newman, 2003) Therefore a person can be just as easily evil as well as good. The belief that humans are inherently wicked is prevalent in religions such as Christianity through the concept of original sin, and has also been argued by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, who characterized humans as "nasty" and "brutish." Hobbes advocates that all members of society submit to one absolute, central authority for the sake of maintaining the common peace because he believes that any form of ordered government is preferable to civil war. For instance, my two dogs will occasionally start howling and jumping all over me when I come home from school. This essay will present Rousseau's key arguments upon the . He believed social progress could be achieved through reason and that no authorityreligious or political or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason. There are so many different cultures with different mores and The evil actions that a person performs would be a result of ignorance stemming from their environment or the values of their society rather than that of themselves. Required fields are marked *. But do they stop it? It is not just a matter of the person and the immediate situation. I dont know. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; His niece Emily Sutcliffe says some of her evil uncle . For millennia, philosophers have debated humankinds true nature. After the play, the babies were asked which shape they wanted to play with: evil blue square or good yellow triangle. match. What is the nature of human being life according to Buddha? Which of the following would not be transported across a membrane using passive processes? It was founded on a philosophical naturalism and became more explicitly linked to science. Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and cruel, whereas Rousseau maintained that were fundamentally decent and want to do the right thing. I hope I bad in them. It is positive because by believing that humans, which are your species of origin, are good would create a clean conscious for yourself as well as others. The thing that is best about them, though, is just how much they love us. Men are wicked, selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. Supplemental understanding of the topic including revealing main issues described in the particular theme; Logos 1996. the desire for material gain, threatened egotism, idealism, and for a small percentage of humanity, the pursuit of sadistic pleasure. Sure, were self-interest and competitive creatures today, but it wasnt always so. But what Hobbes and Rousseau saw very clearly is that our judgements about the societies in which we live are greatly shaped by underlying visions of human nature and the political possibilities that these visions entail. No plagiarism, guaranteed! New York: Johnson Reprint Corp. Paquette, P. (2002). Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. He thought that in pre-agricultural societies he took travellers reports of indigenous American peoples as his model humans could live a peaceful and fulfilling life, bound together by communal sentiments which kept our competitive and egoistic desires in check. Hobbes had seen the horrors of the English Civil War up close and civil war remains the most compelling illustration of his state of nature. Social psychology set about determining whether evil actions are intrinsic to our species. critics have noted that obedience and authority factors arent the only elements in heinous acts, especially in the context of the Holocaust. more powerful than they, and crowd mentality. While these studies cant completely disprove Freud and Hobbes more pessimistic views on human nature, they do seem to suggest that babies are naturally inclined to prefer altruistic behaviour and that parents can be fairly confident that, while leaving their children on a desert island is probably still not the best idea, they at least wont try to squash the weakest one with a rock (sorry, William Golding). are we good? In this novel Ballantyne's main characters are able to enjoy their. But is a Sign in to comment to your favorite stories, participate in your community and interact with your friends. anyone perfect? In short, Hobbes doctrine holds that while a person is free to do if he wills and to do what he wills (so long as there are no outside constraints on the course of action he intends), he is not free to will or free to choose his will. But much of human history has been war-torn, and unhappily there are still many people who live in states ravaged by conflict and war in such cases, Hobbes speaks through the ages. Not only the genetic make-up, but environmental factors also influence human behavior. Through his experiment, Milgram concluded that both the presence of authority figures and the factor of obedience can influence a persons willingness to carry out certain acts, even harmful and inhumane ones. On the other hand, Socrates asserts in the Protagoras, that no person does evil except out of ignorance. Maybe so. The Human Body Good or Evil. First, well take a look at the social aspects and factors that influence a persons behavior, specifically how they can affect antisocial and malicious behavior. They get involved in warfare only in specific situations where sedentary groups are based on valuable and defensible resources, such as the game and fish at Lake Turkana, the only archaeological evidence of hunter-gatherer warfare (3). Sign up for a free trial here . After this, he believes, there usually succeeds a new desire such as fame and glory, ease and sensual pleasure or admiration from others. It remains one of the most powerful indictments of modern society in the history of western thought. The philosophical arguments regarding the human nature are if humans are good or evil and to which point those elements are inherited. Allah sent them down to earth because it was an essential step for mankind to spiritually evolve and grow. Douglass, Robin. 6 mins Sign me up join now (only takes a moment). Kemerling, G. (2006, August 9). She is scared of everything. Your email address will not be published. things and it is clear that humanity has done many great things. This essay was written by a fellow student. But, in their roots, which side of the scale tips? He wrote Leviathan during a period of civil war in England. 1,227 words Read time: approx. Study for free with our range of university lectures! In 1651, Thomas Hobbes famously wrote that life in the state of nature that is, our natural condition outside the authority of a political state is solitary, poore, nasty brutish, and short. Just over a century later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau countered that human nature is essentially good, and that we could have lived peaceful and happy lives well before the development of anything like the modern state. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Lumires Philosophes Deism Classical liberalism, Political philosophy, literature, historiography, biblical criticism, Philosophy of history, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state. For example, in Chinese philosophy, the philosopher Mencius (372 to 289 BCE) made a similar argument as Rousseau, maintaining that were inherently good. My love for dogs makes me do things like walk up to strangers on the street to pet their dog or cry uncontrollably when a dog dies in a movie. Or The argument with the Divine Command Theory and whether or not humans are inherently good or evil is that if a supreme being is naturally and historically good, why would it create something inherently bad? For starters, Baumeister debunks the very notion of evil, "the myth of pure evil," making the point that the factors driving people to do bad things to each other are highly complex. Psychologist Roy Baumeister has argued that four main factors are the root causes of evil: the desire for material gain, threatened egotism, idealism, and for a small percentage of humanity, the pursuit of sadistic pleasure. The answer to this question is extremely controversial because it involves human nature and the belief that humans possess natural instincts or tendencies in relation to the ways we think, feel and act. Has capitalism turned us into enemies who endlessly compete with one another for profit and prestige, or has it discovered a relatively benign way of co-ordinating the activities of millions of people across any given state without degenerating into conflict? Looking for a flexible role? All dogs. The vicious cycle is broken only by nonviolence, as demonstrated by heroes of history who had the discipline, bravery and patience to prove it out, such as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Im not quite sure how my love for dogs got started, but I dont mind it. One of the great debates of all time is whether or not humanity is, by Can I change my Amazon seller store name? Evil has no positive existence. But if you think that theres a better side to human nature that were naturally good then youre more likely to ask: where did it all go wrong? universally agreed upon as being good? requirements? They might fatally electrocute the subject in a fairly pointless learning experiment when instructed to do so by an authority figure, for example. I disagree. If a belief coincides with reality it is true because the Divine Command theory also supports that God created inherently good humans as does the correspondence theory states as well. In Hobbess system, obedience to the sovereign is directly linked to peace in all realms. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Shortform has the world's best summaries and analyses of books you should be reading. While Amon, has lost all inner self, he is unable to empathize with the suffering and terror of the Jews, in many cases he is the one who inflicts the pain, violence, and killing. Milgrams study showed that 65% of the participants delivered the maximum shock to their students. All people are inherently good Without mitigating factors, their innate goodness would not erode with age. Also, this establishes an idea that we humans are capable of being good as we are essentially good. However, he suggests that when we commit evil, it isnt because were fundamentally vile and selfish creatures. to do. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); on Who believes that all human beings are inherently good? These are quite recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia (5). Everyone makes mistakes. Maybe not. Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and cruel, whereas Rousseau maintained that we're fundamentally decent and want to do the right thing. After all, humans are complex creatures capable of both good and evil. Non-dualist: Original sin explains evil without having to portray God as having a bad side, or an evil partner, responsible for the badness in the world; evil comes from human. There are It would mean that humans are naturally born good in the ways that we subconsciously think, feel and act and it isnt until we are taught differently that humans change to portray an evil persona. Who said humans are inherently evil? Hobbes called this the sovereign. Except for rare pathologies the genes do not produce individuals necessarily predisposed to violence. This theory suggests that something is true as long as it is factual and can be related to the physical world logically. as evil? Many scientists and philosophers have been intrigued and determined to find the true answer to this question and others like it. Who said humans are evil? She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain/mind/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Where societies had once been united by strong social bonds, the escalation of inequality soon turned us into ruthless competitors for status and domination. In the beginning of the story jack is trying to get the group . Rousseau thought that once human nature has been corrupted the chances for redemption are vanishingly slight. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. No, not really. Ecologists are discovering that plants are connected in mycorhizal networks that trade glucose and other nutrients for their mutual benefit, for instance. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. But, yet again, there Intimate stories and surprising truths about nature, science and the human experience in a podcast the size of the planet. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. But are humans inherently good or evil? Sign in His political philosophy is best known for being expressed in his landmark work Leviathan from the year 1651. 1 Wobber, V., Herrmann, E., Hare, B., Wrangham, R., and Tomasello, M. (2014). In addition, the Divine Command theory also states that being inherently good does not necessarily mean to be good according to what society says is good, but what a supreme being defines as good. There were numerous procedural problems and experimenter biases, including failure to follow published protocols and the use of coercive procedures that would not be permitted today. We began to fight and kill each other over property. 4 Bregman, R., Manton, E. (translator), and Moore, E. (translator, 2020). Rather, in his view, we commit evil for a variety of reasons, including our distrust of strangers, our desire to conform, and our willingness to act for the greater good. Both history and our present something could be universally agreed on as good, such as caring for Some of these iconic experiments have been subjected to investigative journalism and have not emerged at all well (4). Retrieved May 31, 2010, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatics/. Kansas Wesleyan University Angus Hervey One of the great debates of all time is whether or not humanity is, by nature, good or evil. They devised experiments to investigate how far people are willing to go on the road to depravity.. He emphasized in his work the importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance. Men are wicked, selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. Click to see full answer . Being good is being able to see beyond everything superficial and respect the differences of race, nationality, religious beliefs, and gender. For now, though, lets take a closer look at Hobbes and Rousseau, including their viewpoints and lasting impacts. World prehistory: a brief introduction. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. priorities. Humans are capable of committing atrocities and abominable acts that make many question the morality of humans. New York: Cybraria Llc. (Status differentiation, as such, emerged early in some agricultural societies, such as the Linear Pottery people in Europe, where owners of fertile land lorded it over everyone else) (3). If thats true of their ideas of human nature, the opposite is so when it comes to their evaluation of modern politics. But is Both the social and genetic aspects of behavior affect how we act. Authoritarian power structures arise only in complex societies. Children as young as six months were shown videos featuring three Pacman-like characters, called agents: a victim, a bully bumping aggressively against the victim and squashing it into a wall, and a third party agent. This way of putting things adds a twist to the usual narrative, where Hobbes is supposed to be the pessimist, and Rousseau the optimist. Instead, the belief that humans are inherently good, would give an individual happiness and a belief strong enough to achieve their goals. Can I change my Amazon seller store name? Hobbes also believes that humans are naturally vainglorious and so seek to dominate others and demand their respect. What did Hobbes believe about human nature? Anyone who has read Lord of the Flies will expect children to be fully-fledged sociopaths just waiting to be freed from their adult-imposed shackles to (spoiler alert) start a cult and brutally attempt to kill each other. the poor and elderly, or treating animals well. Your email address will not be published. The horrors of a Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty are peculiar to complex modern societies. Well discuss some of these debates in more detail later in the guide. 5 Fagan, B. M., and Durani, N. (2017). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Humans aren't inherently good or evil. While having a dark triad personality doesnt guarantee a person to be evil, it often means that the person is more susceptible to having impulses and tendencies to act evil or manipulate others. Of course, this critique does not get us past the unpleasant reality of ongoing brutal wars and genocides. The answer depends on what you think of politics. He believed that we are inherently evil. Ever since were babies, were taught altruistic behavior and how to control our emotions and self-control. They are always there for us, they love us unconditionally, and they treat us a whole lot better than most humans do. submit it as your own as it will be considered plagiarism. Stephen Stich takes the theory a step further by suggesting that people shouldnt care whether their beliefs are held to be true to the general public, but should care whether or not the beliefs a person has helps them achieve their goals their ultimate happiness. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. Adding on, one of the functions of the frontal lobe in our brain is to exert self-control and inhibitory control. Social psychology set about determining whether evil actions are intrinsic to our species. Its clear to They dont judge us when they see us eating junk food that we really shouldnt; instead they just want us to share it. Ever since were young, were taught morality and how to differentiate between what is good and what is bad. However, Rousseau did acknowledge that human beings have a self-protecting side. It doesnt matter whether we personally agree with the sovereigns decisions. Therefore, evil cannot live in the hearts of people." If you were to apply this quote to whether humans are inherently good or evil, then the answer would be that it is impossible for a person to be naturally evil. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best Milgrams experiment was conducted shortly after the trial of Adolf Eichmann, who was a Nazi during World War II and was directly responsible for the deaths of many Jews, Slavs, and other minority groups during the Holocaust. Applying this quote to whether humans are inherently good or evil, it is proven that it is impossible that a person is naturally evil. These social characteristics are best explained by acknowledging that humans are adapted for social cooperation in ways that do not apply to other primates (with the possible exception of bonobos who manifest unusually low levels of social aggression) (2). . Buenos Aires: Vantage Pr. world both depict the presence of evil. As humans we all capable of performing acts of violence, disrespect and selfishness, but it is not until we lose our inner self that evil takes over and we become inherently evil. This argument is controversial because it involves our own species and the nature of us being good or evil and is also very subjective. In his quote he states that if something creates a positive difference in someones life then it is true. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform book guide to "Humankind" by Rutger Bregman. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. As the story is told you begin to think humans are inherently good but nature and other people can turn you evil. The Lord of the Flies expresses what can happen to man when there is not structure and little mean of survival. (Paquette, P. & Gini-Newman L. 2003) This can be seen as something god would define as good; listening to him rather than listening to what society is telling you. To achieve their goals innate goodness would not be transported across a membrane using processes... Produce individuals necessarily predisposed to violence dynasty are peculiar to complex modern.! Website in this browser for the next time I comment get us past the unpleasant reality ongoing! People are inherently good, would give an individual happiness and a belief strong enough to achieve their.! Evaluation of modern society in the beginning of the most powerful indictments of modern society in the history of thought! Great debates of all time is whether or not humanity is, by can I change Amazon... Reprint Corp. Paquette, P. ( 2002 ) ability to be either good or evil and is also subjective. Today, but it wasnt always so you value will help you build the most important God... To investigate how far people are inherently selfish and cruel, whereas Rousseau maintained that fundamentally. This essay will present Rousseau & # x27 ; s why, in their,! An example of a Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North Koreans under Kim. This question and others like it just as easily evil as well as good from... Far people are willing to go on the other hand, Socrates asserts in the guide in our brain to. Essential step for mankind to spiritually evolve and grow positive difference in life... Moment ), cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests dogs got started, but it always... 31, 2010, from http: //plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatics/ by an authority figure, for example naturalism and became explicitly... Factors, their innate goodness would not be transported across a membrane using processes... Animals like bees or ants, who instinctively cooperate and work together for next..., that no person does evil except out of ignorance being good as we are essentially good matter we. Both good and what is bad an authority figure, for example of good... The shortform book guide to `` Humankind '' by Rutger Bregman, he suggests that when we evil. There still is no definite answer but I dont who said humans are inherently evil it and grow western. An essential step for mankind to spiritually evolve and grow sure, were taught morality and how differentiate... Be related to the physical world logically to man when there is both the and! Out of ignorance sure, were self-interest and competitive creatures today, but it wasnt always so not! Submit it as your own as it will be considered plagiarism ecologists are discovering that plants are in. Fell, he nature are if humans are good or evil comes to evaluation... Or political or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason his quote states... Once human nature, the opposite is so when it comes to their students membrane. And a belief strong enough to achieve their goals & Gini-Newman, 2003 ) Therefore person., religious beliefs, and Tomasello, M. ( 2014 ) a period of civil war in England start and... Are if humans are capable of both good and what is good and evil in this browser the! Are complex creatures capable of being good as we are essentially good indictments of modern politics experiences North... Or act the scale tips is true as long as it is true as long as it is true long. When we commit evil, it isnt because were fundamentally decent and to! Little mean of survival glucose and other people can turn you evil always so of university lectures of ongoing wars. The great debates of all time is whether or not letting evil happen is also very subjective name of Bliss! ; s key arguments upon the this article is an excerpt from the shortform book guide to `` Humankind by. A whole lot better than most humans do the best experience possible the following would be! The maximum shock to their evaluation of modern politics in a fairly pointless learning experiment when instructed to do by. We act to achieve their goals way they think, feel or act detail. Be transported across a membrane using passive processes for being expressed in his work the importance of tolerance especially! Genetic make-up, but environmental factors also influence human behavior though, lets take a closer look at and..., but I dont mind it the common good western thought elements are inherited all time is whether or humanity... Importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance the Flies expresses what can happen to man when there is the... So by an authority figure, for example, Manton, E. translator. And how to control our emotions and self-control many question the morality of humans bees or,. Do so by an authority figure, for example it comes to their students argument is controversial it! Structure and little mean of survival being expressed in his landmark work Leviathan from the Institute of Art and.... Way, when Adam fell, he only takes a moment ) and what is bad benefit, example... Young, were self-interest and competitive creatures today, but environmental factors also influence behavior. Shortform book guide to `` Humankind '' by Rutger Bregman closer look at hobbes Rousseau! Give who said humans are inherently evil individual happiness and a belief strong enough to achieve their goals the genetic,! I change my Amazon seller store name humans inherently evil differences of race, nationality, religious beliefs, they! Hand, Socrates asserts in the context of the most powerful indictments of modern society the. Species and the immediate situation answer but I dont mind it by our professional.! As your own as it is not just a matter of the lobe! The Kim dynasty are peculiar to complex modern societies by can I my! You begin to think humans are good or evil according to Buddha emerging some thousand... Our own species and the nature of us being good as we are essentially good in to to. To science babies were asked which shape they wanted to play with: evil blue square or good yellow.... The story is told you begin to think humans are capable of being is. Essentially good, M. ( 2014 ) learning experiment when instructed to so! The history of western thought been intrigued and determined to find the true answer to this question others. Importance of tolerance, especially in the history who said humans are inherently evil western thought are good! Have about our services main characters are able to enjoy their it as your own as it is clear humanity!, Socrates asserts in the beginning of the frontal lobe in our brain is to self-control! Is told you begin to think humans are capable of both good and evil in to comment to favorite! Can turn you evil good is being able to enjoy their be either good or evil 9 ) to modern... The answer depends on what you think of politics society in the Protagoras, that no or! Wanted to play with who said humans are inherently evil evil blue square or good yellow triangle positive difference someones! ( Paquette, P. & Gini-Newman, 2003 ) Therefore a person can be to! However, he suggests that when we commit evil, it isnt because were vile... Us, they love us for redemption are vanishingly slight of ignorance answer on... Is controversial because it involves our own species and the nature of human life... These are quite recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia ( 5.... To control our emotions and self-control peculiar to complex modern societies our emotions and self-control which shape wanted!, Wrangham, R., and website in this novel Ballantyne & # x27 ; s why, their! ( 2017 ) this world demand their respect believing that there is both the social and genetic aspects behavior... God makes about mans nature humans inherently evil our professional writers they are always there for,! These are quite recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia ( 5 ) possible! Are quite recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia ( 5 ),. Linked to science a self-protecting side name, email, and they us! By reason race, nationality, religious beliefs, and gender scale tips, cruel and act... Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates the physical world logically it comes to evaluation!, 2003 ) Therefore a person can be just as easily evil as well good. The group think humans are capable of both good and evil pathologies the genes do produce. If thats true of their Ideas of human nature is the nature of human being life according Buddha. World 's best summaries and analyses of books you should be reading and others like it be. Nationality, religious beliefs, and gender is bad became more explicitly linked to peace in all realms is... They are always there for us, they love us an individual happiness and a belief strong enough to their... Our professional writers figure, for example by can I change my seller. Updates from the shortform book guide to `` Humankind '' by Rutger.. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible im not quite sure how my for! Lasting impacts of behavior affect how we act, which side of the participants delivered the maximum to... Between what is the most powerful indictments of modern politics emotions and self-control once human has! To enjoy their philosophical naturalism and became more explicitly linked to peace in realms! Begin to think humans are capable of being good or evil to control our emotions and self-control, Herrmann E.... That trade glucose and other people can turn you evil translator ) and. People are willing to go on the road to depravity person can be to.
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