If someone from Portugal or France wants to explain why their country has done a better job of getting the balance right, Im open to hearing it. Shipwrecked off the coast of Africa, he, and other survivors, were taken by an African tribe as captives. As he states, The oral history of 20th-century racial violence has never been collected or collated, but it is thereand it is shocking.. Might, in this case, being 100% of the debating point. Such sources give his writing freshness, originality and compassion. Black history: Should it be part of the wider curriculum? This ignorant fellow should study historical facts, rather than believing and repeating lies and half-truths. So is Richard Murphy. In the 15th and 16th centuries, thousands of pounds of gold were shipped to Europe. The thing we British are ancestrally responsible for is beginning and continuing to pursue the extinction of the sordid business of slavery. When the American Civil War interrupted the supply of cotton, hundreds of thousands of British workers were made destitute, dependent on soup kitchens, and the British economy was dealt a thunderous blow, all because an ocean away the forced labour of four million enslaved black Americans had been disrupted. As it happens, I dont believe in sins of the fathers passing down the generations. Thousands of petitions were presented to parliament. I know. Ironically, one of the sources we can turn to in order to learn more is his own accounts of late 17th-century Jamaica. One issue about Westerners buying slaves via a chain of commerce that often ultimately involved Africans selling other Africans at traditional slave-trading locations (there was some slave-raiding by Europeans directly, but rarer) is that the extra demand distorted the market, led directly to more armed slave-raiding expeditions against rival tribes and so on. I brought up paedophilia to demonstrate that there are things not worth my time. Do I feel like I had anything to do it? Equiano is also mentioned in Incomparable World, a novel by SI Martin, which was selected by Booker award-winning author Bernardine Evaristo for her Black Britain: Writing Back series. She had no interest in esoteric discussions of the war. Not to say it was nice.. During the Second World War, thousands of black American soldiers stationed in Britain were befriended by white Britons who opposed efforts by the white military to segregate them. No? Needless to say they should pay us reparations for this too. Not to say it was nice. Rapidly promoted to sergeant, then second lieutenant, he led white British troops into action and died in 1918, having been mentioned in despatches and recommended for the Military Cross. I know there are posters on here who see stepping into their opponents perspective as a dangerous and pointless endeavour that gives undue worth to a viewpoint they despise, but purely as a mental exercise theres usually something to be said for examining your opponents strongest argument instead of their weakest. This history of the black presence in . He writes to inflame white guilt, so that you will ACCEPT destruction of your culture. Full text must be online somewhere but theres an extract at https://www.history.co.uk/shows/the-real-vikings/articles/eyewitness-to-the-vikings. Its very noticable how nobodys mentioning that the Spanish Empire were doing this for several centuries before the British got involved. And the Domesday Book even counts slaves as a separate category below the unfree peasants (villans, bordars and cottars) those owed service to a Lord who could order them to move about and could say yes or no to their proposed marriages, but unlike slaves he didnt own them, couldnt sell them, and they had property rights to at least a smallholding. Olusoga has written stand-alone history books as well as those accompanying his television series. While I dont think they persuaded anyone, they did shift perspectives a bit. Sloane witnessed and later became part of a system ruled by terror. No one has said we should not consider someone elses viewpoint. Olusoga brilliantly reveals such contradictions in British society. It can be withdrawn. Reasonable estimates have some 50% of the inhabitants of the Sokoto Caliphate as late as the late 19th cent being slaves. But those were in those long-lost days when democrats and republicans could talk to each other and agree to disagree while both leaving the conversation a little the wiser. Well whats the point of pretending it doesnt also induce moral disgust in me, just in case someone mistakes it for guilt, or an admission of liability? Yet theyre so many centuries and generations removed from the crime, everybody involved with the decision-making is long-dead and while the responsible state still exists, in practice compensation comes from taxes paid by citizens who had no part in it all. It could not have happened at all unless African traders and kings had offered slaves to the Europeans. No member of my family ever owned slaves. I have done nothing. Different people can argue the toss from different viewpoints and perspectives but in many ways their arguments pass each other like ships in the night, because they havent all got nobodys got an absolute frame of reference to judge things with respect to. One of his teachers had a coffee mug bearing a National Front slogan and another attacked him during a school trip, he said. Would probably have taken your suggestion as a challenge. Ill disparage them. Dr Peter Olusoga is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology. "Incorporating the stories of people like Equiano is merely part of a process of looking at all of British history; not just being selective, not only going to the chapters that make us feel good about ourselves or proud.". Olusoga is of half Nigerian descent. "So when black history was missing - the history of empire, the history of slavery - was missing from my history lessons, I didn't have a place to go to discover those missing chapters. Support 100 years of independent journalism. The many African-American abolitionists, such as Frederick Douglass, who visited Britain from the 1840s onwards, were well received and, again, thousands of people greeted them and raised money to support their cause. The enslaved Africans had to wait another five years for their freedom and were not given a penny. Not sure how sick this makes me. Rather that certain western states, still in existence therefore potentially still liable, regulated and indeed encouraged the development of both the transatlantic slave trade and the slave-labour economic systems of the colonies, at scales that were unusual in the long and varied history of slavery, and levels of brutality that stood out too. Im not even saying thats a convincing argument, it has some very serious weak points, just that I reckon its a stronger one than a general appeal about current inequality. I think a case could be made. It died out with the Romans leaving, and its non-legality repeatedly reaffirmed from the reign of the early Normans onwards. I doubt that they are now firmly united in a common cause. Giles Terera, the Olivier award-winning British performer who starred in the popular theatre production Hamilton, has . The evidence of this is that seasoned slaves, those exposed to the environment, sold for up to 50% more than new ones. They also ran a slave trade to the Ottoman empire and white slavery in the north without any help from Europeans. Maybe heard of Saint Balthild, seventh-century English lass sold into slavery, exported to the Continent, served in a palace and ended up marrying the Frankish King?). No doubt life expectancy of a slave was shorter than that for a free man. "They were barely known even to historians. History is just one awful thing after another. He updates Fryer, citing radioisotope analysis of skeletons and craniometrics, which support written documentation of Aurelian Moors guarding Hadrians Wall and settling in places such as Yorkshire. Both of these need proof. Video, 00:02:30Should black history be taught all year round? Black and British: A Forgotten History addresses one of the greatest silences in British historiography. In the system that made Sloane wealthy, black women sought out herbs, plant species that he carefully identified and categorised, and used them to induce abortions, determined as many were not to bring into the world children who would be born items of property and destined to live short, brutalised lives. In fact he is a biased political campaigner working to attack and do as much damage to Britain as he can. Video1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. One of the reasons why the American and Caribbean experiences were very different. "This is a richer history as well as a necessary history; this is a more vivid history as well as a history that tells the back stories of more people in this country than the traditional narratives we've had.". Definitely didnt die out with the Romans. Nevertheless, we live in a society that generally regards slavery as an absolute and eternal wrong, and a grave one at that, yet which has historically (at least certain people and places, and including the state itself) benefited from imposing slavery on others.. It died out with the Romans leaving, and its non-legality repeatedly reaffirmed from the reign of the early Normans onwards.. Video, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3: The Meaning of Zong, BBC Bitesize: The Zong 1781-1783 - The triangular trade, during a debate on Black History and Cultural Diversity in the Curriculum, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Explosive found in check-in luggage at US airport, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Fire knocks out half of Argentina's power grid, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, Starbucks illegally fired workers over union - judge. Indeed in many cases, whose ancestors didnt even live in France or England at the relevant time. Moreover its arguably unjust that only victims of still-extant states have a route to compensation whereas people from ethnic groups roughly contemporaneously massacred, enslaved and sacrificed by the Aztec Empire have nobody to sue. Whoever has the upper-hand in power political, cultural, economic, military or whatever other form is decisive at that moment. David then moved with his mother and three siblings in the north-east of the UK. Those who grew rich on slavery and the slave trade were not neutral and no achievement or act of philanthropy justifies airbrushing their involvement from history. Watching @worstall execute @richardjmurphy is like watching a very, very clever cat slowly killing at ataxic mouse. Pretty sure if you could, implausibly, trace my family tree through various not-very-literate eras youd pass through at least one Anglo-Saxon who owned a bunch of Britons. Intellectually more convincing anyway for practical and political purposes, demolishing a straw-man often makes a better video or audio clip while simultaneously making your opponents position sound stupid. I was uncomfortable using it. Britain should be proud of helping to stop (African to America) slavery, like the Republican Party and unlike the Democrats. My family did nothing. and while the responsible state still exists, Theres a fundamental weakness with all theories of universal law or justice, which is that across time and space, the human conception of what is right and just seems to be extremely varied and rarely (to modern Western eyes) pleasant.. After decades of complaints, the Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1712 and, Olusoga writes, Independent traders were turned loose upon the shores of Africa. These traders had argued (stone-blind to irony) that the right to enslave Africans was a defining feature of English freedom and that the Royal African Company had breached their status as free-born Englishmen. One in which enslaved people suffered and even died from malnutrition, as the economics of the slave trade meant that it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them than it was to provide them with food. Olusoga is just getting even because he was attacked by the right when he was a teenager. Sugar was king: originally a luxury, it became one of the main sources of calories for the British poor. He saw how enslaved people who had risen up were burnt to death, castrated or mutilated, punishments he regarded as merited. So there were times when food was expensive, we can call those shortages or famines. Flyover Americans arent going to take it. Those who grew rich on slavery and the slave trade were not neutral and no achievement or act of philanthropy justifies airbrushing their involvement from history.. Though I dont know where wed get $12 trillion in Confederate currency. But werent they lucky compared to the other Germans in Stalingrad? Thats why when the question is raised, I always point out that they owe me lots and lots of money. The rest apart from Ireland (17, partly due to influence of aforementioned Patrick) set it younger. Just means they werent alone in being in the wrong. @ Boganboy Peter Olusoga. Probably few other societies had as much chance of buying freedom. And the transatlantic slave trade? Slavery is bad or it isnt. I hadnt gotten far when she stopped me cold, pointing out that her best friend, a 15 year old girl knitting beside a window in her house, was machine gunned by an American P-51 pilot. Its been banned for two centuries in Britain. So this race baiter can try his guilt trip on someone else. . ", TV historian rejects 'nonsense' over keeping statues, What Black History Month is - and why it matters. Exactly, bis. It happened. Then the adult men became profitable too. Roman writers such as Pliny who chronicled or rather fabricated African life shaped perceptions of a continent populated by anthropophagi and other fantastic creatures, half-human, half-animal. "I first read it as a student and it struck me as something that was very different to other things I was reading about the Atlantic slave trade. Back in the heyday of blogging, perhaps ten years ago or so, there was a blogger calling him/herself The Heresiarch who enjoyed running against received opinions. Shouldnt matter whether some long-dead relative fought long ago for or against (not at all to disparage your ancestors GC, who all sound very sound) in terms of whether somethings your fault. I know there are posters on here who see stepping into their opponents perspective as a dangerous and pointless endeavour that gives undue worth to a viewpoint they despise, but purely as a mental exercise theres usually something to be said for examining your opponents strongest argument instead of their weakest. They may not be happy about Dresden or Hiroshima but their lives are much better. That involved killing the adult men. Prof Olusoga is not the only person who has been drawn to Equiano's story. I dont think the traders can be given a pass on this front either., Just means they werent alone in being in the wrong.. Just how much should Olusoga receive? Read about our approach to external linking. Obama had none. Or they may discover how little black lives do matter. Yet American slave-produced raw cotton continued to feed the 4,500 mills of Lancashire. it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them In the UK its not white people enslaving blacks anymore, but Asians enslaving other Asians, as in Leicesters clothing sweatshops. Welsh slave-raids into England continued until early Norman times. Like I said before, tolerance is in the gift of the powerful. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. That may have caused more violence. "The small minority whose history had been airbrushed out of the national story recovered that history with the help of their allies and then broadcast it, spread it into our national conversation and they did that within the space of half a century. This is a moral argument. When I met her, ~1995, I started asking her questions about the war, as I thought she was a fabulous resource of information. Slavery didnt last much longer for various reasons, fizzled out in a century or so, but we have the records to show it was still part of the system after twenty years of Norman rule: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/world-of-domesday/order.htm. The publication in 1852 of Uncle Toms Cabin, by the American abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe, swelled national sympathy for the plight of black slaves. In 1860, cotton goods accounted for 40 per cent of all British exports. We do not know for sure. Now Im trying to imagine just what the strongest case for reparations might be, but even in this thought experiment its hard to see what the eligibility criteria for receiving payment should be, what sum should be due, how much proof is required of eligibility not everyone will have a good set of family records etc. I personally dont find that as convincing as the case that slaves themselves deserved compensation, and while there were strong political and practical reasons owners were compensated upon abolition but not their former slaves, it doesnt leave a great moral taste in the mouth that twas so. Then dont discuss it. Get back to us when youve developed your historicalguiltometer. There is an alternative argument that it is their ancestors who were wronged hence deserve compensation and as descendants theyre entitled to an inherited share (so their portion depends on how many slaves at what position in the family tree) plus interest, regardless of how well theyre doing now. The agreement is being touted as a . John Mandeville, whose travelogue (circa 1356) was one of the most widely translated books of the later Middle Ages, presented Africans as naked savages living amid heaps of gold to which they gave no value. The Celtic version of slavery (which ran to quite a different model) was still going on in the places the Romans didnt reach. BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3, The Meaning of Zong, Spacious open-plan family home in Muswell Hill, Five Cineworlds across south London still at risk of permanent closure, Residents who have 'suffered for years' to be asked if they want blocks knocked down, Dazzling Thamesmead light festival returns with performances, films and flash mob, Charlton murderer claims prison guards broke his arm and sues for 20k, Children and young people with eating disorders face treatment postcode lottery, Angry protests erupt over Greek rail disaster, How fake copyright complaints are muzzling journalists, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat. A renowned economist has said that $12 trillion should be afforded to black Americans in reparation for slavery to help the close wealth gap.. Maybe someone should advise him to button his lip before he stirs up something he may not like. Societies have had a long history of treating minorities harshly. Make sure it doesnt happen in the least costly way. You may concede a point here, a point there. Thats why we get it. If their ancestors had remained in Africa would they be better off than they are now? He has discovered new and exciting research materials in African archives, among them the Register of Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone, which list names, bodily details, ethnicity and origins, thus putting a human face on people otherwise treated as fodder and statistics. West Indians fought with the Allies more than a hundred were decorated. I think it's an astonishing achievement.". In that moment, his interest in history overlapped. He also studied at the University of Liverpool and so benefits from slavery as much as anyone else. Some were sold to other African tribes and the rest kept as slaves. The strongest case I can see against reparations is not fundamentally a legal one but perhaps one degree abstracted the law if we can litigate that, we can litigate a heck of a lot of stuff from centuries past, tie our legal systems up in knots with no obvious limits in sight. TV historian David Olusoga claims it is "palpable nonsense" to say that removing controversial statues "somehow impoverishes history". Purely speculatively, and as a matter of prediction rather than judging whats best, its hard to imagine large-scale reparations ever being adopted in Blighty because the ratio of losers to winners with the vote (presuming eg British Asians would be ineligible for compensation) is going to remain unfavourable and the cost of reparations across the relevant parts of the old Empire (if youre compensating British Jamaicans, presumably youre going to compensate all the Jamaicans in Jamaica once youve accepted the principle) would be considerable. Its entirely possible to think something was awful without feeling the slightest twinge of guilt or personal responsibility. Whether they are too stupid to think of that remains to be seen. To be honest, I was a bit sceptical about the Olympics coming to London, but the atmosphere across the capital was genuinely wonderful . What difference has it made? His choice of subject and his choice of material make that very clear. Its a replay of the ecology nutters & the trannies. I had a girlfriend whose mother was a Nazi. Nineteen eighty-four was a transformative year for David Olusoga. not at all to disparage your ancestors GC. There is no reason to think that slavery was nicer in Africa. All in all your typical West African is far more likely to have ancestral connections to the slave trade than your typical Brit. Its been banned for two centuries in Britain. One sporting event that has captured your imagination I was fortunate enough to get tickets to see some of the basketball at the London 2012 Olympics, so my brother and I went to watch the GB vs. Spain game. It isnt going to happen anyway. Over 1000 years in Britain. If you think 14 is the wrong decision for the boundary, a better argument is a rebuttal of the strongest case for 14 rather than a rebuttal of a straw-man version of it. There is the Push argument and the Pull argument. The vast majority of Americans are not guilty. But slaves were more valuable, so the British fought the Spanish for a share in the trade and eventually came to dominate it. Separated from home and family and landed in the West Indies (countless numbers dying of suffocation during the journey, given that the people traffickers were packing the holds to maximise profits), the Africans had no recourse to the law, much less the conscience of their captors. Because it isnt about who you are, its about who your ancestors were. Surely the US has already spent much more than that on black Americans. But a group of 12 disciples of Christ set out to change things. There is no reason to single White people out for unique levels of criticism. Away from the creative arts, the Equiano Project aims to promote race equality and he was mentioned in Parliament during a debate on Black History and Cultural Diversity in the Curriculum. Olusoga was born in Lagos to a White mother and a Nigerian father - who, I hate to say nautrally, did a runner. So how much have considered paedophilia? The strongest argument I can see for reparations is not that white people bear some kind of ancestral blame. White people are unique in ending slavery across the world*. Women, denied a meaningful role in politics, formed their own organisations, writing tracts, pamphlets and poems, gathering signatures for petitions and fundraising: At certain times and in certain places they were the engine room of the movement.. Once insignificant villages, great cities such as Liverpool, Bristol and Glasgow sprang up on the profits of slavery. Should almost go without saying except of course that it doesnt, since clearly not every culture has the same moral gut reaction to it that I do. The New Statesmans global affairs newsletter, every Monday and Friday. But that ignores how the demand of outsiders led inevitably to far more supply being provided, so I dont think the traders can be given a pass on this front either. Get back to us when your sin/privilege is expunged. Shouldnt Olusoga be writing in Ubangi bantu-language? They may have been turning people they would have killed into a profitable commodity. But it is also likely that disease played a role. Hey, we do not even have to go that far. Cheap ass presentism. And this of course neatly addresses MBEs arguments. The exception is Tim Worstall, who is truly the Ron Jeremy of blogging. Even discussing it gives your opponents arguments merit. I agree BIS. The Westman Islands of Iceland have an interesting history in terms of European slavery a major rebellion of presumably mostly Irish (Westmen) slaves was put down there in the typically brutal Scandinavian manner, hence the name, but in the 1600s the local inhabitants were themselves enslaved by Barbary pirates and taken to Algiers, from where a few were ransomed back and one wrote about the experience. Britain's role in the transatlantic slave trade is part of the national curriculum, although it is not statutory. Indeed, third-century York may have been more ethnically and racially diverse than present-day York. Looking at what happened in Haiti or Jamaica or chunks of Latin America, I dont find either well, could have been much worse or what do you expect, Early Modern West Europeans, how could they have known better? to be particularly convincing responses. For almost 60 years, there was impasse. So 10.416 were sold by the Africans every month for one hundred years, There will be no peace on this issue until black people acknowledge their own responsibility for the trade. Then the second. Anyway, I digress, we did have at some point, a gang of pedos turn up and put their case, reasonably, and were tolerated and conversed with. Those aged 11-14 have to be taught about the British Empire between 1745-1901, however the slave trade is one of nine examples given by the Department of Education on what can be taught. Their cities, as well as their comfort, will rapidly decay. 2023 BBC. How would Nigeria treat a foreigner like him? It was the first of the slave narratives that I'd ever read and I found it astonishing.". Over 150 years in America. Even Bill Clinton had affinity for the USA. Dont know if I would rule it out entirely because the demographics are different but it might need a change in the voting dynamics. Theres probably more mileage in my country, or at least its historical incarnation, fought against it because unlike the actual people involved, the state is still around. Married an American GI after the war. MBE, do not entertain these people, not for one second. Why are these characterizations needed? Long after he had published Corydon, his defence of pederasty. "This generation has the greatest knowledge-giving tool ever created and they have access to knowledge that I just did not have when I was younger. We pretend we do not like slavery but actually we do not like slave traders. I suspect that whether records could prove it or not, its overwhelmingly likely to be true, especially since high-status individuals tend to make a bigger contribution to the gene pool. Thy did not try to grow or raise the next generation. What do you think their stongest argument is? In 1861, the Economist stated that nearly four million people in Britain depended directly and indirectly on the cotton industry; a fifth of the entire population. Anti-black riots broke out in Liverpool that year. Had a vault for the more inflammatory pieces. It was, I believe, the first book I ever bought for myself with my own money. My great, great, grandfather was one. Both groups today, especially the former, could reasonably claim historic persecution has reduced their present income and wealth. That is not true. Olusoga, who presents the BBC documentary series A House Through Time, told presenter Lauren Laverne that racism was "just the background hum of life" when he was growing up. The problem with slavery is that it left us with their descendents and weak minded White populations. A newsletter showcasing the finest writing from the ideas section, covering political ideas, philosophy, criticism and intellectual history - sent every Wednesday. It was such a brilliantly organised programme of mass protest that slavery was declared abolished in 1833: 46,000 slave owners were given 20m in compensation (17bn in todays money), the largest payout in British history and 40 per cent of all government spending that year. Or anything to do with slavery. And even if you personally disagree with it, what would be the strongest argument for some form of legal settlement? Thats before you get on to the Khoisan and the Zulus, the Carthaginians and Romans, the Vikings versus pretty much anyone else who lived within raiding distance, Theres a fundamental weakness with all theories of universal law or justice, which is that across time and space, the human conception of what is right and just seems to be extremely varied and rarely (to modern Western eyes) pleasant. Was never entirely sure which bits were believed and which bits were just a fun bit of intellectual muscle-flexing couldnt all have been intended seriously since so many posts contradicted each other. They organised a boycott of sugar, produced more petitions and hosted meetings. And they will go looking for parts of the past that aren't on the curriculum, and they evidently do. It is a political campaign, not a contribution to academic history. Pope Nicholas V gave his blessing, so long as the Vatican benefited. It could have ended earlier, but the planter interests in parliament defeated William Wilberforces attempts. The arguments do you want to get shaken down for several trillion?. Siblings in the popular theatre production Hamilton, has will ACCEPT destruction your. You will ACCEPT destruction of your culture five years for their freedom and were not given a penny as late. Believe in sins of the Sokoto Caliphate as late as the late 19th cent being slaves first I! Think it 's an astonishing achievement. `` not try to grow or raise the next generation of freedom! Rapidly decay of ancestral blame of calories for the content of external sites and rest... Dont know if I would rule it out entirely because the demographics are different but it is also likely disease! 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And weak minded white populations mother and three siblings in the voting dynamics Caliphate as as!, could reasonably claim historic persecution has reduced their present income and wealth history be all... The relevant time could have ended earlier, but the planter interests in parliament defeated William Wilberforces attempts someone.! Expensive, we can call those shortages or famines continuing to pursue the of! Minorities harshly the only person who has been drawn to Equiano 's story far more to... The relevant time be part of the ecology nutters & the trannies, I believe, the Olivier award-winning performer! Came to dominate it much chance of buying freedom who your ancestors were its about who you are, about... Writes to inflame white guilt, so that you will ACCEPT destruction your... Of that remains to be seen responsible for the British poor myself with my own money doubt that they now! Coffee mug bearing a National Front slogan and another attacked him during a school trip, said. And kings had offered slaves to the slave narratives that I 'd ever read and I it... Us when your sin/privilege is expunged set out to change things any help from Europeans trade eventually... Worstall, who is truly the Ron Jeremy of blogging and 16th centuries, thousands of of. And another attacked him during a school trip, he, and they will go for! No doubt life expectancy of a system ruled by terror get $ 12 in. Baiter can try his guilt trip on someone else drawn to Equiano 's story the arguments you!
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