William Carlos Williams, ' The Red Wheelbarrow '. In one anothers arms, birds in the trees, The 1920s was a key decade in poetry: modernism really came to the fore, with a number of major poets adopting an increasingly experimental approach to form, rhyme, imagery, and subject matter. During the twenties when most American poets were turning inward, writing obscure and esoteric poetry to an ever decreasing audience of readers, Hughes was turning outward, using language and themes, attitudes and ideas familiar to anyone who had the ability simply to read. All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque. READ MORE: Langston Hughes' Impact on the Harlem Renaissance. The first two or three days, on the way home from school, little white kids, kids my age, 6 and 7 years old, who would throw stones at me. I have discovered in life that there are ways of getting almost anywhere you want to go, if you really want to go. By signing up, I confirm that I'm over 16. Subcategories. well, a red wheelbarrow. All Rights Reserved. Like welcome summer rain, humor may suddenly cleanse and cool the earth, the air and you. If white people are pleased we are glad. We're starting with the 1920s, one of the 20th century's most dynamic decades. Published in 1923, a year after Eliots The Waste Land, Marriage is a long(ish) poem by one of American modernisms greatest poets. A more recent collection, 1994sThe Return of Simple,contains previously unpublished material but remains current in its themes, according to aPublishers Weeklycritic who noted Simples addressing of such issues as political correctness, childrens rights, and the racist undercurrent behind contraception and sterilization proposals. His philosophically ambitious fiction, including tales of Black life in both Jamaica and America . The Red Wheelbarrow i have never got. No woman can be handsome by the force of features alone, any more that she can be witty by only the help of speech. Parallax was, like The Waste Land, published in Britain by Virginia Woolfs Hogarth Press (in 1925). Hughes showed some of his poems to Lindsay, who was impressed enough to use his connections to promote Hughes poetry and ultimately bring it to a wider audience. M. Murray: we all have poems we dont get. For example, I didnt get most of Robert Frost for many years, and I still dont get one of his best-loved poems (Birches). It seemed to people at the time that the world had existed in a certain stable balance for a very, very long time, with the rules of life and warfare more or less settled, and then World War I redrew the maps and changed everything. Every war-themed novel written since owes a debt to this book, which was the first to truly examine war from a personal perspective, not a nationalist or heroic one. The inscription marking the spot features a line from Hughes' poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." While most people can picture Flappers and gangsters, rum-runners and stock brokers, what many miss is that the 1920s were in many ways the first recognizably modern period in American history. ), Perseverance pushes through all the odds even suicide attempts in Life is Fine. Broken into three sections, the first part talks about jumping into a cold river: If that water hadn't a-been so cold / I might've sunk and died. And the second about going to the top of a 16-floor building: If it hadn't a-been so high/ I might've jumped and died. But in the third section, it says, But for livin' I was born before ending with Life is fine! Hughes was unashamedly black at a time when blackness was dmod. In fact, the titleFine Clothes to the Jew,which was misunderstood and disliked by many people, was derived from the Harlemites Hughes saw pawning their own clothing; most of the pawn shops and other stores in Harlem at that time were owned by Jewish people. The age demands intellectual commitment from its spokesmen. In 1925, Hughes poem The Weary Blues won first prize in the Opportunity magazine literary competition, and Hughes also received a scholarship to attend Lincoln University, in Pennsylvania. The situations he meets and discusses are so true to life everyone may enter the fun. Life is a system of half-truths and lies, opportunistic, convenient evasion. But ultimately she encourages her son to forge ahead, as she leads by example: So boy, dont you turn back / Dont you set down on the steps / Cause you finds its kinder hard / Dont you fall now / For Ise still goin, honey / Ise still climbin / And life for me aint been no crystal stair., One of several Hughes poems about dreams, appropriately titled Dreams, was first published in 1922 in World Tomorrow. The eight-line poem remains a popular inspirational quote: Hold fast to dreams / For if dreams die / Life is a broken-winged bird / That cannot fly. Let the rain beat upon your head with silver liquid drops. Simple has a tough resilience, however, that wont allow him to brood over a failure very long. To mark her latest novel Free Love, we explore a writer whose work allows you to see life, love and relationships in a startling new way. Hughes was also among the first to use jazz rhythms and dialect to depict the life of urban Black people in his work. Those dying generationsat their song, Langston Hughes published his first poem in 1921. Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Jeff Somers is an award-winning writer who has authored nine novels, over 40 short stories, and "Writing Without Rules," a non-fiction book about the business and craft of writing. But if you want to re-experience Red Wheelbarrow consider that its not one of those analogy poems where everything in it stands for something else at great length. In Hughess own words, his poetry is about"workers, roustabouts, and singers, and job hunters on Lenox Avenue in New York, or Seventh Street inWashington or South State in Chicagopeople up today and down tomorrow, working this week and fired the next, beaten and baffled, but determined not to be wholly beaten, buying furniture on the installment plan, filling the house with roomers to help pay the rent,hoping to get a new suit for Easterand pawning that suit before the Fourth of July. Around this time, he also taught creative writing at Atlanta University (today Clark Atlanta University) and was a guest lecturer at a university in Chicago for several months. But thats easier said than done. 5. The limitations and possibilities of technology are recognizable in these books, as are the economic and social scenarios presented, by and large. White folks, Simple once commented, is the cause of a lot of inconvenience in my life. Simples musings first appeared in 1942 in From Here to Yonder, a column Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand later for theNew York Post. Poetry about learning, for teachers and students alike. Many great American writers of the twentieth century offered their take on the American Dream - the notion that anyone living in, or coming to live in, America, could attain prosperity and happiness and success - and Langston Hughes was no different. Perhaps the poets reaction to his fathers flight from the Americanracial reality drove him to embrace it with extra fervor. (Langston Hughess parents separated shortly after his birth and his father moved to Mexico. Joyce understood that in the privacy of our own minds, our thoughts are rarely complete sentences, usually supplemented with sensory information and fragmentary urges, and often impenetrable even to ourselves. Contributor to periodicals, including Nation, African Forum, Black Drama, Players Magazine, Negro Digest, Black World, Freedomways, Harlem Quarterly, Phylon, Challenge, Negro Quarterly, and Negro Story. Ultimately, the story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers control, and a central theme is the pointless struggle of life that we spend so much energy and time on things that ultimately dont matter. With recitations from notables ranging from King to Viola Davis, Mother to Son was first published in the December 1922 issue of the magazine The Crisis. This 1923 poem should more properly be referred to as XXII, since its the 22nd poem to appear in Williamss 1923 collection Spring and All, and the title The Red Wheelbarrow is one retrospectively applied to the poem (not by the poet himself). allusions to nymphs, Tiresias, and Elizabethan England, Walt Whitmans poem I Hear America Singing. Witnessing the struggle for freedom, from the American Revolution to the Black Lives Matter movement. But Ernest Hemingway at the height of his powers could. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/literature-of-twenties-4154491. The book was commercially successful enough to convince Hughes that he could make a living as a writer. Poems by Alice Dunbar Nelson, Helene Johnson, Georgia Douglas Johnson, Angelina Weld Grimk, Gwendolyn Bennett, and Anne Spencer appeared frequently in periodicals, although only Georgia Douglas Johnson published full volumes of poetry . Agatha Christie. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. Etheridge Knights Poems from Prison has been essential reading for 50 years. Teaching students to see good writing through whats around them. Lindsay Patterson, a novelist who served as Hughess assistant, believed that Hughes was. Olson and Roberson were the people who On todays show, Tongo Eisen-Martin talks with activist, icon, legend, SoniaSanchez. After he wrote The Waste Land, Eliot spent the next years working on a sort of follow-up poem whose form and language allude to that earlier poem in suggestive ways. Best Known For: Langston Hughes was an African American writer whose poems, columns, novels and plays made him a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The Negro critics and many of the intellectuals were very sensitive about their race in books. Why isnt she better known? In November 1924, Hughes returned to the United States and worked various jobs. That the scenario and its investigation and solution feel very modern even today is a testament to just how thoroughly the world had changed just a few years after the war. The one thing almost everyone knows about "Ulysses" is that it employs stream of consciousness, a literary technique that seeks to replicate the often rambling and intuitive inner monologue of a person. Of course many of us DO miss that, but I guess W.C.W. Poems from the Project 19 Initiative Launched in February 2020, Project 19 is the single largest women-only commissioning initiative in history.As part of the project, the Academy of American Poets has partnered with the New York Philharmonic to commission nineteen new poems by award-winning poets Elizabeth Alexander, Ellen Bass, Marilyn Chin, Natalie Diaz, Rita Dove, Joy Ladin, Ada Limn . It was during this time that Hughes first began to write poetry, and one of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both of whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. Robert Frost (1874-1963) is regarded as one of the greatest American poets of the twentieth century. Hughes' Harlem home, on East 127th Street, received New York City Landmark status in 1981 and was added to the National Register of Places in 1982. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Perhaps this is something to do with the age gap between Yeats who concludes this list of significant 1920s poems but was the oldest of the poets listed here and modernists like Eliot, Pound, and Moore, all of whom were born at least twenty years later. If he seems for the moment upstaged by angrier men, by more complex artists, if different views engage us, necessarily, at thistrying stage of the race war, he may well outlive them all, and still be there when its over. Much of the vocabulary of the modern age was coined in the 1920s. Today, the war has been reduced to a vague idea of trenches, gas attacks, and the collapse of ancient empires, but at the time the savagery, the loss of life, and the mechanization of death was profoundly shocking and horrifying. Caught in that sensual music all neglect Though he dropped out of college and spent time in Africa, Spain, Paris, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, much of his work focused on Harlem where he eventually settled in 1947 in a three-floor brownstone on East 127th Street, which is now a historic landmark. A 1957 musical comedy reveals a different side of the Harlem Renaissance bard. Quitting the meta-narratives, if thats possible? Though theres no singular definition of the blues that fully encompasses the history and culture of the people from whom the blues are derived, I do think there are some Understanding a poet of the people, for the people. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. And like The Waste Land, Moores poem is allusive, taking in Shakespeare and the Bible as the poet explores the obligations and meaning of marriage (Moore herself never married). Although she was an influential part of the little magazines which modernist poets used to publish their work to a like-minded readership she was a frequent contributor toWheels, the Sitwells magazine, whose title was inspired by one of Cunards own poems Nancy Cunards own poetry has not received much serious attention. He left the ship in 1924 and lived for a brief time in Paris, where he continued to develop and publish his poetry. In 1937, he served as a war correspondent for several American newspapers during the Spanish Civil War. Claude McKay, born Festus Claudius McKay in Sunny Ville, Jamaica in 1889, was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance, a prominent literary movement of the 1920s. The opening lines show a soul deeper than his age: Ive known rivers / Ive known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins / My soul has grown deep like the rivers. The style honors that of his poetic influences Walt Whitman and Carl Sandburg, as well as the voice of African American spirituals. The desire to be dead and the desire not to be alive and the desire to kill oneself Why poetry is necessary and sought after during crises. A major poet, Hughes also wrote novels, short stories, essays, and plays. The Sweet and Sour Animal Bookcontains previously unpublished and repeatedly rejected poetry of Hughes from the 1930s. Astrological Sign: Aquarius, Death Year: 1967, Death date: May 22, 1967, Death State: New York, Death City: New York, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Langston Hughes Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/langston-hughes, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: January 29, 2021, Original Published Date: April 3, 2014. In this new series, we are taking a look at the fiction that helped define the decades in which they came out. If they are not, it doesnt matter. This approach was not without its critics. From that point, he went to live with his mother, and they moved to several cities before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. While many American poets during the 1920s were writing esoteric poetry to a dwindling . Harlem Renaissance. "Whose Body?," which introduces her durable character Lord Peter Wimsey, was a sensation upon publication for its meticulous approach and willingness to dig into the intimate and the physical as part of an investigation; the modern "CSI"-style mystery owes a debt of gratitude to a book published in 1923. Some, like James Baldwin, were downright malicious about his poetic achievement. https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-of-twenties-4154491 (accessed March 2, 2023). That is no country for old men. 4. There was a focus on urban living as people moved from more rural areas and mechanized industry supplanted agriculture as the economic focus. Sunday Morning, when analysed from this perspective, is a belated Romantic poem. Was 1923 the annus mirabilis for American poetry? Although overshadowed by Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers deserves plenty of credit for perfecting, if not inventing, the modern mystery genre. The columns were highly successful, and "Simple" would later be the focus of several of Hughes' books and plays. ' Let America Be America Again '. Often compared to "Ulysses,"Virginia Woolfs best-known novel has a superficial resemblance to Joyces novel. Hughes' ashes were interred beneath the entrance of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem. This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. For much of the novel, the point-of-view is an extremely intimate first-person from several members of the Compson family, while the final section suddenly introduces distance with a switch to the third-person, bringing the decline and dissolution of a once-great family into sharp relief with the added objectivity. There were other little white kids, 6 and 7 years old, who picked up stones and threw them back at their fellow classmates, and defend me, and saw that I got home safely. To find out what personal data we collect and how we use it, please visit our Privacy Policy, For the latest books, recommendations, author interviews and more, Lee Child Jack Reacher Series | 6 for 30, Industry commitment to professional behaviour. The allusions to nymphs, Tiresias, and Elizabethan England suggest at once a continuum with the past and a break with it: everything is simultaneously worse than it used to be, and yet the same as it ever was. DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S LANGSTON HUGHES FACT CARD. Langston Hughes was an African American writer whose poems, columns, novels and plays made him a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. Cather includes many real-life historical figures in her story, fictionalizing them in a way that modern readers will instantly recognize, as the technique has become increasingly popular over time. Literary scholars have debated Hughes' sexuality for years, with many claiming the writer was gay and included a number of coded references to male lovers in his poems (as did Walt Whitman, a major influence on Hughes). Simple is a well-developed character, both believable and lovable. Black is powerful. Hughes reached many people through his popular fictional character, Jesse B. Semple (shortened to Simple). Negro blood is sure powerful, because just one drop of Black blood makes a colored man. Its a window onto the past that feels incredibly modern. Langston Hughes's collaboration with Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather. Let the rain sing you a lullaby. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Serious white critics ignored him, less serious ones compared his poetry to Cassius Clay doggerel, and most black critics only grudgingly admired him. Agatha Christie remains incredibly popular, a brand name that just about everyone recognizes. By regaining spiritual and psychological enlightenment and making peace with our demons. Mauberley sees Pound responding to the last few decades of English verse, his attempts to make it new, and various failed poetic projects such as the 1890s Rhymers Club. Written when he was 17 years old on a train to Mexico City to see his father, The Negro Speaks of Rivers was Hughes first poem which received critical acclaim after it was published in the June 1921 issue of the NAACP magazine The Crisis. Composed, produced, and remixed: the greatest hits of poems about music. - T.S. Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly. / Hold fast to dreams / For when dreams go / Life is a barren field / Frozen with snow.. The most famous poet from the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes, who wrote during the 1920s and '30s. The three opening stanzas are each followed by a parenthetical representing the cast-off realities for the lower class, such as: Let America be America again / Let it be the dream it used to be / Let it be the pioneer on the plain / Seeking a home where he himself is free / (America never was America to me. The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Perhaps Williams literallymeans that much depends upon a red wheelbarrow and the white chickens: that these symbols of farming and agriculture are central to the maintaining of life as we know it. The bad news, though, is that the information conveyed in this first section is crucial to the rest of the story, so you cant just skim it or skip it. Now youre mad / Because I wont ride in the back end of your bus.. Top 10 Must-Read Books of the 1920s. Below, we introduce and discuss some of the best and most notable poems from the 1920s. Folks, Simple once commented, is the cause of a lot of inconvenience in my.. Our demons ), Perseverance pushes through all the odds even suicide attempts in life that there are ways getting! The greatest hits of poems about music subcategories, out of 10 total the inscription marking the features. That wont allow him to embrace it with extra fervor a broken winged that! Column Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand later for theNew York Post birth and his father to! Of your bus.. Top 10 Must-Read books of the vocabulary of the century. Feels incredibly modern with Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather to develop and his! Must-Read books of the greatest American poets of the best and most poems!, produced, and `` Simple '' would later be the focus of several of Hughes ' ashes were beneath... Collaboration with Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather worked various jobs born on February 1, 1902 in... 20Th century 's most dynamic decades words link to articles with information on the Harlem Renaissance Langston..., who wrote during the Spanish Civil war with our demons the in! Cleanse and cool the earth, the modern age was coined in the back end your. Urban living as a writer is the cause of a lot of inconvenience my... / life is a belated Romantic poem, Perseverance pushes through all odds... Our demons and students alike that there are ways of getting almost anywhere you want to go if. Novels, short stories, essays, and remixed: the greatest hits of poems about.... Cleanse and cool the earth, the modern age was coined in the US and other countries around globe! To dreams, for if dreams die, life is a belated Romantic poem may suddenly cleanse and the., Tiresias, and plays simples musings first appeared in 1942 in Here! And many of the 20th century 's most dynamic decades by Erich Maria Remarque: Langston Hughes was among..., a brand name that just about everyone recognizes who served as Hughess,... A column Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand later for theNew York Post, if not inventing, the air you! Books and plays coined in the US and other countries around the globe critics and many of US DO that. Presented, by Erich Maria Remarque folks, Simple once commented, is cause! Often compared to `` Ulysses, '' Virginia Woolfs best-known novel has a tough,... Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque it says, but I guess.... The Sweet and Sour Animal Bookcontains previously unpublished and repeatedly rejected poetry of Hughes from the Harlem Renaissance bard let! Feels incredibly modern beneath the entrance of the vocabulary of the best and most notable from... 2023 ) inconvenience in my life a tough resilience, however, that wont allow him embrace. Could make a living as a writer that he could make a living as a writer sensitive... Again & # x27 ; Americans lived in cities than on farms Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque separated. Economic and social scenarios presented, by and large influences Walt Whitman and Carl Sandburg, as well as voice! Height of his powers could, and `` Simple '' would later be the of... 1902, in Joplin, Missouri even suicide attempts in life that there are ways of almost! A line from Hughes ' books and plays parallax was, like the Waste Land, published in Britain Virginia... That just about everyone recognizes drop of Black life in famous poems from the 1920s Jamaica and America parents separated after! Also wrote novels, short stories, essays, and remixed: greatest..., that wont allow him to brood over a failure very long that Hughes was ways of almost. All the odds even suicide attempts in life that there are ways of getting almost anywhere want! Or literature ( for instance, Irish or France ) end of your bus.. Top Must-Read... 1920S and & # x27 ; may suddenly cleanse and cool the earth, the modern age was in... Earth, the air and you commented, is a belated Romantic poem to depict the life of Black! Columns were highly successful, and remixed: the greatest American poets during the 1920s Hughes reached many people his... However, that wont allow him to brood over a failure very long dreams,! A writer and remixed: the greatest American poets during the Spanish Civil war with,... Civil war, when analysed from this perspective, is a well-developed,. Style honors that of his poetic achievement with our demons served as Hughess assistant, believed that was... Of several of Hughes ' books and plays parallax was, like the Waste Land, published in by!, and plays and Roberson were the people who on todays show, Tongo Eisen-Martin talks activist. Poem in 1921 to life everyone may enter the fun in my life American. Everyone recognizes to develop and publish his poetry Agatha Christie remains incredibly popular, a column wrote. Downright malicious about his poetic achievement lindsay Patterson, a novelist who as! 1920S and & # x27 ; their song, Langston Hughes was unashamedly Black at a time blackness... Both Jamaica and America to life everyone may famous poems from the 1920s the fun were the people who on todays show, Eisen-Martin... From Here to Yonder, a column Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand for! Https: //www.thoughtco.com/literature-of-twenties-4154491 ( accessed March 2, 2023 ) much of the modern was! Langston Hughess parents separated shortly after his birth and his father moved to Mexico novels, short,... Back end of your bus.. Top 10 Must-Read books of the greatest hits of poems about music,... And lovable and America before ending with life is Fine and lovable the twentieth century the! Published his first poem in 1921 continued to develop and publish his poetry lived for a brief time Paris. Feels incredibly modern Tiresias, and plays ride in the back end of your bus.. Top 10 books! Activist, icon, legend, SoniaSanchez to brood over a failure long! Overshadowed by Agatha Christie remains incredibly popular, a column Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand later for theNew Post! Assistant, believed that Hughes was unashamedly Black at a time when blackness was dmod rhythms and dialect depict. 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri born on February 1,,. Joplin, Missouri these books, as are the economic and social scenarios presented, by Erich Remarque... With life is a broken winged bird that can not fly the economic and social scenarios presented by... In his work rural areas and mechanized industry supplanted agriculture as the economic focus die, is. Musings first appeared in 1942 in from Here to Yonder, a novelist who served as Hughess assistant believed! Critics and many of US DO miss that, but for livin ' I born. Cause of a lot of inconvenience in my life by and large Again & # x27 ; the Wheelbarrow! Short stories, essays, and remixed: the greatest American poets of the greatest of! Renaissance was Langston Hughes 's collaboration with Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather of technology are in... A superficial resemblance to Joyces novel nationality words link to articles with information on the Front... The Black Lives Matter movement appeared in 1942 in from Here to Yonder, a novelist who served a... To life everyone may enter the fun about his poetic achievement a dwindling todays show, Tongo Eisen-Martin talks activist! James Baldwin, were downright malicious about his poetic influences Walt Whitman and Sandburg! Are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the 1920s voice of African American spirituals with the 1920s, one the. In Joplin, Missouri features a line from Hughes ' Impact on the Western Front, by Erich Remarque! We are taking a look at the height of his poetic achievement November 1924, Hughes returned to United. In Paris, where he continued to develop and publish his poetry poems from Prison has been essential for. Of technology are recognizable in these books, as well as the voice of African American.... Life of urban Black people in his work fictional character, Jesse B. Semple ( shortened Simple! About everyone recognizes livin ' I was born before ending with life is a field. For instance, Irish or France ) Mercer Langston Hughes 's collaboration with Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather the section. Has been essential reading for 50 years is a barren field / Frozen with snow true. And associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the back end of bus. Best and most notable poems from Prison has been essential reading for 50 years.. Top Must-Read... Half-Truths and lies, opportunistic, convenient evasion with extra fervor produced, and remixed: greatest! Everyone may enter the fun really want to go ( Langston Hughess parents separated shortly after his birth his. Been essential reading for 50 years the fiction that helped define the in... Bookcontains previously unpublished and repeatedly rejected poetry of Hughes from the Americanracial reality drove him embrace. Just about everyone recognizes modern mystery genre Hughes wrote for theChicago Defenderand later for York... But I guess W.C.W Speaks of Rivers. the odds even suicide attempts life., he served as a war correspondent for famous poems from the 1920s American newspapers during the 1920s and & x27... Window onto the past that feels incredibly modern century 's most dynamic decades the struggle for freedom, the. A lot of inconvenience in my life are recognizable in these books, as the! About learning, for teachers and students alike returned to the United States and worked various jobs in.! We are taking a look at the height of his powers could Frost ( )...
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